Passing It On
Upper Elementary · Life Science · Heredity
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A Prediction Experiment

Passing It On

Why do baby animals look like their parents — but not exactly? Today you'll learn the rules of heredity, then you will predict what the babies look like before they hatch.

Before we start — you look a little like your family, but not exactly the same — why do you think that is?

Traits come in two copies

A gene controls a trait, like a coat's spots. Each parent passes down one copy (an allele) — so every baby gets two, one from each parent.

Quick check, together: How many copies of the "spots" gene does a baby get from its mother — and how many in total?
Answer: One copy from the mother (and one from the father) — two in total.

Dominant hides recessive

A dominant allele (big S) shows up if a baby has even one. A recessive allele (little s) only shows when a baby has two of them. So SS and Ss are spotted; only ss is plain.

Quick check, together: A critter has the genes Ss. Is it spotted or plain? What about ss?
Answer: Ss is spotted (the dominant S shows); ss is plain.

The Punnett square shows the odds

Put one parent's two alleles across the top and the other's down the side. Each box mixes one from each — showing every kind of baby they could have, and how likely each is.

Quick check, together: If a Punnett square has 4 boxes and 1 of them is ss, what are the chances a baby is plain?
Answer: 1 in 4.

What did the squares teach us?

Genes are passed on by chance — but the odds follow rules.