Inside the Cell
Upper Elementary · Life Science · Cells
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A Prediction Experiment

Inside the Cell

Every living thing is built from cells — and a cell works like a tiny factory, with different parts doing different jobs. Today you'll meet those parts, then you will predict which one does what.

Before we start — you already know plants and animals are alive — what do you think every living thing is built from?

A cell is a tiny factory

Every living thing is made of cells. Each cell is wrapped in a cell membrane that controls what goes in and out, and is filled with a jelly called cytoplasm. Floating inside are little machines called organelles, each with its own job.

Quick check, together: What is the thin layer around the outside of a cell called, and what is its job?
Answer: The cell membrane — it controls what enters and leaves the cell.

Three key organelles

The nucleus is the control centre — it holds the instructions (DNA). The mitochondria release the cell's energy. The tiny ribosomes build proteins.

Quick check, together: Which organelle is the "control centre", and which one is the cell's "powerhouse" that releases energy?
Answer: The nucleus is the control centre; the mitochondria are the powerhouse.

Plant cells have extra parts

Plant cells have everything animal cells have, plus three extras: a stiff cell wall for support, green chloroplasts that make food from sunlight, and a big vacuole for storage. Both kinds still have a nucleus.

Quick check, together: Name one part a plant cell has that an animal cell does not. Do both kinds of cell have a nucleus?
Answer: Any of: a cell wall, chloroplasts, or a big vacuole. And yes — both plant and animal cells have a nucleus.

What did the cell teach us?

Each organelle has a job — together they keep the cell alive.